What is breast cancer? What are signs of breast cancer?

Breast cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the breast cells. It can occur in both men and women, but it is more common in women. Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer among women worldwide, with an estimated 2.3 million new cases diagnosed in 2020 alone. While breast cancer can be life-threatening, early detection and treatment can increase the chances of successful treatment and recovery.

Breast cancer can develop in different parts of the breast, including the ducts that carry milk to the nipple, the lobules that produce milk, or the connective tissue that supports the breast. The signs and symptoms of breast cancer can vary depending on the type of breast cancer and the stage at which it is diagnosed. However, here are some of the most common signs and symptoms of breast cancer:

A lump or thickening in the breast or under the arm: A new lump or mass in the breast or under the arm is one of the most common signs of breast cancer. However, not all lumps are cancerous, and some breast cancers may not cause a lump at all. Therefore, it is essential to get any new lump or mass evaluated by a doctor.

Changes in breast size or shape: Breast cancer can cause the breast to become larger, smaller, or a different shape than usual. These changes may be noticed in one breast or both breasts.

Changes in skin texture or color: Breast cancer can cause the skin on the breast to become red, dimpled, or scaly. It may also cause the skin to appear bruised or inflamed.

Nipple changes: Changes in the nipple can be a sign of breast cancer. This can include a nipple that suddenly turns inward, becomes inverted, or develops discharge.

Breast pain: While breast cancer is not usually painful, some women may experience breast pain or discomfort.

Swelling in the armpit: Breast cancer can cause swelling or lumps in the lymph nodes under the arm, indicating that the cancer may have spread.

It is essential to remember that not all breast changes are cancerous. However, if you notice any of the above signs or symptoms, it is essential to get them evaluated by a doctor. Early detection of breast cancer is critical for successful treatment and can save lives.

Screening for breast cancer

Breast cancer screening involves checking the breasts for cancer before any symptoms are present. The most common screening test for breast cancer is a mammogram, which is an X-ray of the breast. Other screening tests include a clinical breast exam and breast MRI. The frequency of screening depends on the woman's age and risk factors for breast cancer.

Risk factors for breast cancer

While the exact cause of breast cancer is unknown, there are several factors that can increase a woman's risk of developing breast cancer. These include:

Age: The risk of breast cancer increases with age, with most cases occurring in women over the age of 50.

Family history: Women with a family history of breast cancer, particularly in a first-degree relative (mother, sister, or daughter), have a higher risk of developing breast cancer.

Genetic mutations: Certain inherited gene mutations, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, increase the risk of developing breast cancer.

Personal history: Women who have had breast cancer in one breast have a higher risk of developing cancer in the other breast.

Hormone levels: Women with higher levels of estrogen and progesterone have a higher risk of developing breast cancer.

Lifestyle factors: Lifestyle factors such as obesity, alcohol consumption, and lack of physical activity can increase the risk of developing breast cancer.

Breast cancer is a significant health concern for women worldwide, but early detection and treatment can save life.